Najafi Q&A: Biography

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In the name of Allah, some historians have mentioned that the journey of the captives followed the following path: they first left Kufa to Tikrit, then to Mosul, Aleppo, Hama, Homs, Baalbek, and finally Damascus. Others reported the route as: from Karbala to Kufa, then to Ashkelon, passing through Mosul, Nisibis, Hama, and Homs before reaching Damascus. It should be noted, as we have repeatedly said, that it is difficult to determine with certainty the detailed sequence of the events of the Karbala tragedy due to the long passage of time and the differing sources. However, this lack of precision in minor details does not undermine the authenticity and gravity of the tragedy, which has been established through tawatur (multiple consistent reports). May the curse of Allah be upon the wrongdoers, and those who have wronged will soon know the fate they will meet.

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In the name of Allah, it is established in our reliable sources that the Prophet (PBUH&HF) had informed Ali (peace be upon him) of what would befall him and his daughter and commanded him to be patient. In some sources, it is mentioned that when Ali (peace be upon him) heard this, he stood up and sat down again due to the severity of what he had heard and asked the Prophet (peace be upon him): "Should I remain patient while the sanctity is violated?" The Prophet replied: "Yes, this is Jibra’il (Gabriel) informing me." The Prophet then said: "Tell Fatimah not to call out to me at the time of the enemy's aggression," and perhaps this is the reason why Lady Fatimah (peace be upon her) called out to Fiddah instead. Allah is the All-Knowing.

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In the name of Allah, there could be many reasons for that. One of them is that the first and second caliphs claimed that they had placed Fadak for the benefit of the general Muslim public. The third gave it to some of his relatives, which provoked anger among the Muslims. So, had Imam Ali (PBUH) reclaimed Fadak and given it to himself or his children, the ignorant might have imagined that he followed the same path as the third caliph. It is also possible that the secret behind not reclaiming it lies in the statement of Lady Fatima al-Zahra (PBUH) to Abu Bakr when he insisted on not returning Fadak to her. She said: "Take it..." and then said: "You will meet him [the Prophet] after your resurrection and judgment, where Allah is the Judge and Muhammad (PBUH) is the opponent—there, the wrongdoers will be the losers." (paraphrased meaning). Another possible reason—hidden from us—was hinted at by Imam Ali (PBUH) when he was asked why he did not take back Fadak. He replied, in meaning, that the claimant and the usurper had already gone to meet Allah, the Exalted. Ultimately, the reason we must believe in is that Imam Ali (PBUH) is infallible; he acts according to what Allah commands him. He indeed acted accordingly, even if we do not understand the wisdom or reason behind it. Allah is the All-Knowing.

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In the name of Allah, know, my son, that Ali ibn Abi Talib (PBUH) is infallible. He does not abandon obligations nor commit prohibitions—neither intentionally nor unintentionally. Illnesses, regardless of their type, can occur as a trial from Allah (Glorified is He) or for another reason, such as the oppression of an oppressor. This is similar to what afflicted the prophets (PBUT), as indicated in the words of Prophet Ibrahim: “And when I am ill, it is He who cures me” [Qur’an 26:80], and in the case of Prophet Ya’qub: “And his eyes turned white from grief, and he was filled with sorrow”. Moreover, the narrations that refer to the affliction of the Commander of the Faithful (PBUH) with eye inflammation pertain specifically to Khaybar, not the Battle of the Trench. Wake up if you are asleep. Allah is the Guide.

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In the name of Allah, there has never been, nor is there, any doubt among the Shia regarding this. Yes, some scholars may, out of precaution (taqiyya), refrain from openly affirming the matter of Muhsin, as seems to be the case in some statements of Sheikh al-Mufid. Also, know that Muhsin, the martyred grandson (through oppression by the oppressor), is considered the fifth child only if we say that Ali ibn Abi Talib (PBUH) had two daughters from Fatimah (peace be upon her), namely Zaynab and Umm Kulthum. However, this is a matter of scholarly dispute, as it is strongly possible that Zainab is the one who was also known as Umm Kulthum. Allah is the Guide and He is the All-Knowing.

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In the name of Allah, it has been mentioned in the books of the Imami school that the brotherhood (Mu’akhāt) was between Salman and Abū Dharr, and also between Salman and al-Miqdād. Yes, it is stated in most books of the general (Sunni) scholars that the brotherhood was between Salman and Abū al-Dardā’, but this is unlikely, as it is known that Abū al-Dardā’ embraced Islam after the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) had already established brotherhood among his companions. Some later Shia scholars have reported the brotherhood between Salman and Abū al-Dardā’ from Sunni sources, but, as you can see, there is hesitation regarding its authenticity. Allah is All-Knowing.

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In the name of Allah, know, my son, that if a companion was committed to religious rulings and obedience, then he attained both the honor of companionship and the honor of religion, and thus possesses virtue. However, one who is from the Ahl al-Bayt (Household of the Prophet) and descends directly from the Prophet (PBUH&HF), while also having attained purity, is superior even to the righteous companion. Allah is the Guide and All-Knowing.

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In the name of Allah, know, my son, that the purpose behind Imam al-Hussain’s (peace be upon him) offer to return to where he came from, Mecca or Medina, was to establish the final proof (ḥujjah) against them. He (PBUH) knew that the enemies had surrounded him and would not allow him to return. Allah knows best.

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In the name of Allah, there is no objection as long as everyone avoids anything contrary to the Sharia. Allah knows best.

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In the name of Allah, know, my son, that Sukayna was not the actual name of Imam Hussain's (PBUH) daughter; rather, it was her title. Her real name was A'mina, and in some narrations, Amina. She was given the title Sukayna due to her tranquility and deep sense of peace, stemming from her trust in Allah’s mercy, her intense worship, and her profound fear of Allah. She viewed worldly life with detachment. When her cousin, a son of Imam Hasan (PBUH), sought her hand in marriage from Imam Hussain (PBUH), the Imam replied that she was preoccupied with worship, fear of Allah, and complete devotion to Him. She had no inclination toward worldly life and thus was not suited for marriage or serving a husband. Enemies of Ahlulbait, who spared no effort in spreading false accusations against the Prophet’s ancestors, himself, and his progeny, fabricated stories about this noble lady. They falsely claimed that she married a cursed enemy of Ahlulbait and accused her of inappropriate behavior, such as sitting with poets and listening to love poetry—accusations utterly unbefitting a noblewoman of her stature. In reality, she never married due to her complete devotion to the Hereafter. She had reached such a high level of spiritual annihilation in Allah that worldly matters held no value for her. This conclusion has been established by our esteemed scholars (may Allah sanctify their souls). There is no power nor strength except through Allah. Allah is the Guide and the Grantor of success.

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In the name of Allah, be informed, my son, that the brotherhood between the Prophet (PBUH&HF) and Ali ibn Abu Talib (PBUH) refers to the specific brotherhood established by the Prophet (PBUH&HF) among the Muslims after the Hijra. The Prophet (PBUH&HF) instituted a bond of brotherhood among the companions to mitigate the impact of losing relatives due to the migration to Medina. Those who were paired in this brotherhood would inherit from each other and support each other in worldly tribulations. This specific type of brotherhood was uniquely established between the Messenger of Allah (PBUH&HF) and Ali ibn Abu Talib (PBUH). As for using the term "my brother," it aligns with Allah's statement, " Indeed, the believers are brothers." Allah is the Guide.

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In the name of Allah, his maternal uncle is Hunayn ibn Asad ibn Hashim. Allah is the Guide.

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In the name of Allah, Imam Hussein (PBUH) and his companions and family were besieged and prevented from accessing water. The Master of Martyrs (PBUH) was only obligated to use natural means, just as the Messenger of Allah (PBUH&HF) used natural means in battles and did not utilize miraculous powers. Similarly, the Master of Martyrs (PBUH) was obligated to use natural means. Then, why doesn't Allah use miraculous powers to guide people to Islam and destroy the enemies? Allah is the Guide.

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In the name of Allah, Imam Hussein (PBUH) is infallible and must be obeyed, and he did what Allah commanded him to do. He took those who joined him and left those who did not, all by the command of Allah. We only know the wisdom and commands of Allah through His teachings and the teachings of His chosen representatives. Some of the Prophet's (PBUH&HF) companions were killed alongside Imam Hussein (PBUH). Allah is the Guide.

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In the name of Allah, we have stated in various answers that the claim of the marriage of of Ali ibn Abi Talib's daughter (PBUH) is fabricated, and our righteous scholars, including the esteemed researcher, the great scholar, Syed Ja'far Murtada Al-'Amili (may his soul be sanctified), have confirmed this in his book "The Obscurity of Umm Kulthum: Investigation and Study." Allah is the Guide.

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In the name of Allah, I do not have evidence that the greatest Prophet (PBUH&HF) had a daughter other than Fatima (PBUH), and the daughters mentioned in your question are either the daughters of Khadija from her first husband, if she was married, or the daughters of her sister Hala who used to live with her and under the care of the Prophet (PBUH&HF). Allah is Guide.

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In the name of Allah, the narrations about Ibn Abbas are confused, and it appears that he returned to the bosom of truth in his behavior in the end. However, we stop on his brother, Ubaidullah bin Abbas. Allah is the Guide.

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In the name of Allah, the distinguished scholar, Syed Muhammad Mahdi Al-Khurasani, addressed this matter and wrote a specific book about the son of his grandfather, Imam Ali (PBUH), Al-Muhsin. He expended great efforts, guided by the sanctity of his lineage, and felt the sorrow of his loss by his grandmother, Lady Fatima (PBUH). He and his family lived under the care of Imam Ali (PBUH), and they served the religion of his esteemed ancestor. Allah, the Exalted, granted him a long life, and you can refer to his work to find the information you seek. Wassalam.

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In the name of Allah, be informed my son, that the right of the major rule in the life of Imam Hassan (PBUH) after Ali Ibn Abu Talib (PBUH) is for Hassan (PBUH). As for Imam Hussein (PBUH), he did not oppose his brother (PBUH) while performing his duty, where it was not permissible for him in Sharia to do so. Be informed also that the reconciliation which was famous between Imam Hassan (PBUH) and Muawiyah was not in fact a reconciliation; it was a temporary truce like the truce of his grandfather, the Messenger (PBUH), with the polytheists of Mecca. Allah is the all Guide.

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In the name of Allah, It was not surprising that some people did not follow the right path. The uncle of the Prophet (PBUH&HF), Abu Lahab, and his wife, the loader of wood, rejected the Prophethood of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH&HF) and fought him until the accursed was killed at Badr. Furthermore, Cain killed Abel, and Joseph's brothers oppressed him so much? "That is a nation that has earned what it earned, and yours is what you earned, and you are not asked about what they used to do." Allah is the all Guide.

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In the name of Allah, be informed, my son, that Imam Hussein (PBUH) is infallible and he does whatever commanded by Allah, the Glorious, his grandfather, the Messenger (PBUH&HF), and his father, Ali Ibn Abi Talib (PBUH). Therefore, he left some and took some accordingly. This is the correct interpretation of the actions of Imam Hussein (PBUH) in his revolution and others, and everything that is mentioned other than that is only speculative judgments. Allah knows best.

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In the name of Allah, the Messenger (PBUH&HF) is infallible; he does what Allah Almighty commands him to do. Allah, the Glorious, says "And he does not utter from desire, it is nothing but a revelation that is revealed". It might be said that Allah Almighty has put kindness and generosity in the hands of the prophet (PBUH&HF) such that if he kills him with his honorable hand, Allah will forgive the one who was killed, so to speak. Allah is the Guide and Knowing.

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In the name of Allah, it seems that you have not watched known how the flag is held. The holder puts the flag in his hand when he is moving towards the enemy, and at the time of duel he puts it in the garb of the horse if he is riding, and plants it in the ground if he is on foot as Imam Ali (PBUH) did with the Messenger's (PBUH&HF) flag in Khaybar, as in some narrations. However, it is not necessary for the flag to be in the hands of the leader in all cases. Rather, the flag is given in front of the soldiers to order them to obey him in combat matters, and he should not carry it when approaching the enemies and engaging with them. Allah knows best.

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In the name of Allah, he (PBUH) martyred by poison by Banu Umayyad, and the details are in the books of those who wrote about his biography, such as the holy late scholar Sheikh Baqir Sharif Al-Qurashi and other notable figures (may they rest in peace). Allah knows best.

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In the name of Allah, his staying in Al-Medina was in compliance with the command of Allah and the command of His Prophet (PBUH) and not raising the sword in the face of those who oppressed him and there is no evidence of his approval of what some have committed. Allah knows best.

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In the name of Allah, be advised, my son, several narrations report that Husseini (PBUH) was ordered by Allah to take only those he took with him to Karbala and to leave all those whom he left. Allah knows best.

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In the name of Allah, he was a writer and a supporter for Muawyaa and then for Yazid (may Allah curse them). When Muslim ibin Aqeel came to Al-Kufa, and many people pledged their homage to him, Yazid (may Allah curse him) consulted Sarjoon saying “what is your opinion that Hussein has sent Muslim ibin Aqeel to Al-Kufa to seek people’s homage for Hussein? I was told that Al-Numan ibin Basheer has a bad and weak performance. Whom do you think to appoint in Al-Kufa? Yazid had in mind Ubaidullah ibin Zyad to be appointed. Sarjoo, then, said that if Muawiya was brought alive, would you take his opinion? Yazid said “yes”. Sarjoon showed the appointment document of Ubaidullah ibin Zyad on Al-Kufa, saying that this is Muawyaa’s opinion. Muawyaa ordered to include the two countries to Ubaidulah ibin Zyad before he died. Yazid said “do then. Send the appointment document of Ubaidulah to him”. This is mentioned in Al-Irshad by Sheikh Al-Mufeed (p. 42), Tareekh Al-Tabari (vol.4. p. 258), Al-Kamil fil Tareekh (vol.4, p.22), Albidaya wal Nihaya (vol.8, p.164) and others. It is not proved that Sarjoon was in Karbala. Allah knows best.

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In the name of Allah, what you have mentioned exists in the books of killing events. In these two situations, it seems that Imam Hussein (PBUH) does not like to push Abu Alfadhl Al-Abbas to fight the enemies, a reason why Imam Hussein (PBUH) only asked him for bringing water. It is known that the fighter whose job is only fighting can kill more enemies than that whose job is to fight and bring water. This fighter will be defending the water and fighting at the same time; his power will be divided between the two purposes. Be advise, my son, that we have reiterated that the narrations on the tragic event of Al-Taff are speculated and different due to many reasons. Some of the reliable narrations say that Imam Hussein and Al-Abbas (PBUT) both went out to fight; if one got into the fight the other would cover the former’s back. This narration is regarded as a foreign, different one from that ones which are known in the books of the killing events where Imam Hussein (PBUH) assigned Al-Abbas the job of bringing water. However, let the Husseini speakers mention what they have memorized of these narrations. Do not argue them. Allah knows best.

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Advice here, in these two contexts, means to guide those who need to be guided. Abu Al-Fadhl Al-Abbas (PBUH) did that in more than one situation in the battle of Al-Taf. He offered advice to the wicked ones to allow the family of the prophet (PBUH&HF) to have water. He also advised the wicked one not to fight the prophet’s (PBUH&HF) grandson. This is the meaning of the word “advice” in these two contexts of the visitation text, for it shows Al-Abbas’s (PBUH) attitudes on the day of Ashura. The difference between the two contexts is that the first one uses the word “advice” in its linguistic meaning while the second one uses it in the way that we have aforementioned. In this attitude, Abu Alfadhl Al-Abbas used all his power devotedly to the extent that his advice reached to the rational levels in terms of way and quantity with the devoted advisor’s efforts. Allah knows best.

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In the name of Allah, narrations state that the Imam’s mother died in the life of Imam Al-Askari (PBUH). It was reported that she asked Imam Al-Askari (PBUH) to pray to Allah for that, and he told her that she would face troubles in her search for the greatest Imam (PBUH). ,,………..,, As for the other woman, she is not the mother of the Awaited Imam (may Allah hasten his reappearance). She claimed that she was pregnant in order to camouflage and conceal the true pregnancy of the Awaited Imam (nay Allah hasten his reappearance) because Banu Al-Abbas were afraid of the Imam as they knew that he would rule the world. When Saqeel claimed that she was pregnant (hamil), she might mean that she was carrying (hamil) the rosary in order to camouflage them [the oppressors] and to keep attention away from the Awaited Imam (may Allah hasten his reappearance). We pray to Allah to let him reappear to rule the world by justice. You should know that the name of that maid who claimed the pregnancy was disputable. She might have more than one name among the other maids at that time. Be advised, my son/daughter, that the name mentioned in the narrations is Saqeel, not Sayqel. Allah is the all Helper.

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In the name of Allah, this has not been mentioned in our reliable references. Considering the situation of the tragic event in Karbala, one rejects this to happen. This has been reported in some of the unreliable books. Allah knows best.

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In the name of Allah, there is no authenticated reference which contains Muawya’s will to Yazid. In his will which is narrated, there is an implication which is if anything happened to people of Iraq, send Ubaid Allah bin Zyad to them because he is a brutal tyrant. If what you have mentioned is true regarding Muawya’s admission of Imam Hussein’s (PBUH) right, why did Muawya send bin Zyad? If Muawya really said that, it is then a malignant plan as what had been done in the event of Al-Saqeefa to keep people away from loving Ahlulbait (PBUH). However, Ahlulbait’s (PBUH) love resides in the hearts, and what provoked people is Imam Hussein’s (PBUH) killing; a matter which led Umayyad ruling people to be defeated. Allah knows best.

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In the name of Allah, be advised, my son, reflecting Imam Ali’s (PBUH) saying leads to the knowledge that Imam Ali (PBUH) admits what Muawya and his followers say publically, but he (PBUH) does not want to judge them with Kufur as long as they say “there is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger”. On the other hand, Imam Ali (PBUH) did not judge the followers of Muawya as devoted people in Islam. Allah is the all Guide.

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In the name of Allah, these two persons are not the same, my son. Muawya is the fruit and branch of the cursed tree of Banu Umayyad who was able to convince people of the Levant to his corrupt ideas. Unlike Muawya, Abu Musal Al-Ashari Abdullah bin Qais had no supporters as Muawya. Allah is the all Guide.

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In the name of Allah, the narrations on Al-Abbas bin Abdul Mutalib are different and contradictory; some of them praise him, but they are not well authenticated. Some narrations dispraise him. Such narrations are well authenticated as in some of our references as in Ali Ibraheem Al-Qumi and Al-Ayashi’s interpretation to the holy verse “whoever is blind in this world, he will be blind in the hereafter too”. This verse is revealed against this man. Another verse “my advice does not benefit you” is also revealed against him. Convincingly, he did not defend Imam Ali Bin Abu Talib (PBUH); his name is not on the list of those who cared for Islam, rather he cared for Mizab as the greatest master (Al-Ustathul Adham) says. He did not care for Al-Zahraa (PBUH) either. Allah knows best. As for Aqeel, some narrations were attributed to him that he left Ali Ibin Abu Talib and joined Muawya for money. This is not proved in well authenticated references. Going to Muawya might be according to Ali Ibin Abu Talib’s (PBUH) order in order to find out about the reality of rumors on Ali Ibin Abu Talib (PBUH). The rumors spread by Muawya and his followers had affected the people of the Levant region in a way that they confused that Ali is a corrupt man who does not pray or fast, his mere goal is to loot people’s money and shed blood. Muawya might realize the situation of Aqeel, he did not let Aqeel meet people and let Aqeel stay in Muawya’s own house. When Aqeel did not succeed, he came back. This probability is certified by Imam Ali’s affinity to Muslim bin Aqeel, where Ali (PBUH) made Muslim marry his (PBUH) sister as in the references. All in all, the story was a mere lie aiming at political reasons for Muawya’s interest. Allah knows best.

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In the name of Allah, be advised, my son, that there are three narrations; the second one says seventy five and the third one says ninety five, which is better than the first and second. However, it is recommended to commemorate Lady Zahraa’s martyrdom in all the three dates in order not for us to miss any reward that might be obtained through holding memorial gatherings on the day of her martyrdom. Allah is the all –Helper.

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In the name of Allah, be advised, my son, that most of the Muslims who pledge homage to Imam Ali (PBUH) after Othman’s killing regard Imam Ali (PBUH) as a fourth Kalifate after the prophet (PBUH&HF). There were very few people like Ammar bin Yasir and Hujur who believed that the one who preceded Imam Ali (PBUH) in Kalifate were not legitimate Califs. At that time, Imam Ali (PBUH) could not convince everyone in Kufa that he is oppressed as well as there are people who did not pledge their homage to Imam Ali (PBUH) nor did they accept him as the fourth calif. In addition to the followers of the three califs, this is the reason why Imam Ali was not successful in preventing the prayer of Al-Taraweeh and ousting Shuraih from judiciary. Hence, Imam Ali (PBUH) was obliged to send Shuraih to distant villages in Kufa to practice justice there for so many followers of Umar Bin Al-Khatab love him. The ones who believe in Imam Ali’s Imamate and obeyed him until killed in the three wars is a martyr. However, the Shia followers kept increasing at that time as he (PBUH) mentioned in his sermons such as Al-Shaqsheqyia and other sermons. After the event of Al—Taff, the enemies and the follower were distinguished. Then, Al-Mukhtar appeared and Banu Umayyad once again. Afterward, Abbasids appeared. However, the Imams (PBUH) along with their students worked hard to spread the right. Gradually, Iraq has become in the way it is now. Allah knows best.

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In the name of Allah, yes, he was Ummi as the holy verse indicates. However, Ummi here means the dwellers of Macca who are called Ummi which is an adjective for the dwellers, but not illiterate (one who does not read and write). Allah knows best.

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In the name of Allah, First: objection to the Imam’s (PBUH) action is an act of daring. Second: lady Zahraa (PBUH) herself told Abu Bakir “take it endowed … you will find it on the day of your judgment”. As the right holder (lady Zahraa) makes it a necklace on the oppressors’ neck. Third: the most significant thing that makes Muslims hate Othman is his taking over of the public properties. If Imam Ali (PBUH) claimed Fadak to be among his and Al-Zahraa’s (PBUH) properties, he would have been accused of what Othman did in terms of taking over the public properties. To this and the second point, Imam Ali (PBUH) indicated in some of his speeches. Allah knows best.

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In the name of Allah, as for Zaid bin Ali, Imam Al-Sadiq (PBUH) grieved for Zaid’s martyrdom, in addition to other situations which prove the soundness of his faith, rue and actions. On the other hand, there are some narrations saying that Al-Mukhtar has good intentions, while other narrations reject such narrations. However, what makes him have good reputation is the Infallible Imam’s (PBUH) seeking for mercy to this man, although Allah strongly forbids seeking mercy for the enemies of Allah, especially the tyrants. Allah knows best.

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In the name of Allah, as for Jafar, uncle of the Awaited Imam (PBUH), he was corrupted as narrated in the tradition. Some of the sins and prohibited acts are attributed to him. However, investigating the man’s behavior and all what has been attributed to him may think that the man is innocent and clear from all the allegations against him although he used to pretend some of the disobediences for good reasons which is hiding the Awaited Imam (may Allah hasten his reappearance) from the authorities which were looking after the Imam to kill him. Jafar was able to hide the Awaited Imam (may Allah hasten his reappearance) that some narrations say that it is not permissible to kill Jafar. Allah is the all-guide and knowing.

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In the name of Allah, it should be known that the prophet (PBUH&HP) only did what Allah (the exalted) ordered him to do. The point of sending Abu Bakir and then ousted him is to show that he is unqualified to be responsible for and protect Islam. If the prophet (PBUH&HF) did not do that -sending and ousting Abu Bakir, he would not be able to explain why he ousted Abu Bakir. He (PBUH&HF) stated and explained to the entire nation that Abu Bakir is not competent to protect the religion and unqualified for the Kalifate. Therefore, the prophet (PBUH) did state and explain that. Those who disagree with the prophet (PBUH&HF) for being held accountable on the day of judgement for what they did after him (PBUH&HF). There is no resort or power, but from Allah the highest the greatest.

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In the name of Allah: it doesn’t mean the monk as in the Christianity. Christian monkhood has no marriage, while Imam Al-Kadhim (PBUH) has more than twenty sons. What is meant is the most religious one who fears and worships Allah a lot in secret or in public, in prison or in freedom. There is no well authenticated narration that proves that the Imam (PBUH) was called a monk. Allah is the All-guide and knowing.

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In the name of Allah: Abu Talib was not a prophet or Imam in the religious terms. He is one of Ismael’s (PBUH) defendants who took the religious leadership in Mecca. I personally, think that he did not commit a minor or major sin. He is just like Abu Al-Fadhil Al-Abbas (PBUH). Allah knows best.